![]() ![]() ![]() which is accessible twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.You can communicate with a customer service representative in real time via the website's live chat tool,.which is available around the clock, every day of the week.If you wish to email Southwest, you can visit their website and use their online contact form,.To get help with your flight, you can speak to a Southwest employee at the ticket counter. ![]() Southwest's ticket office is open daily from 4:00 am to 11:00 pm.Finally, if you require assistance from Southwest Airlines at the Las Vegas Airport, go to the Southwest ticket window in Terminal 1.You can also find answers to many of your concerns and learn more about their flight schedules, promotions, etc.View flight status, book rental cars, hotels, and more at. Jobcase is the social networking community. Book our famous low fares only on the official Southwest Airlines website for business travel. You can also get in touch with Southwest Terminal Las Vegas via their website, Search and apply for Southwest Airlines Jobs in Las Vegas updated daily with new career opportunities hiring now.Southwest Airlines customer support phone number is "OTA": +1-64 or U.S.: +1-80.The Southwest Airlines customer service line is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and is the easiest way to contact Southwest Airlines at the Las Vegas Airport.It is recommended to be at the airport early if you plan to check in. If you are planning to check in at the airport, the check-in counter at the airport opens 3 hours before the flight departure and closes 30 to 40 minutes. You can check in at any time using the web check-in. The online check-in for Southwest Airlines opens 30 hours prior to departure. If there are any changes, you can check with the airlines, or you can also check on the official page of the airport. If there are any changes, you can immediately contact customer service.įor departure, Southwest use Terminal 1 at the Harry Reid Airport. Southwest Airlines use Terminal 1 for arrival at Harry Reid Airport. What terminal does Southwest use at Harry Reid Airport? Once you are connected to the agent, you can tell your concerns and get them solved.Now you need to press the numbers accordingly.After that, you need to pay close attention to the commands from the computer-generated voice.Now after the greeting, you need to choose the preferred language.You need to call customer service at 1 (855)-506-3034.Use the steps that are provided below to quickly reach the service. Using agencies MUST book travel through approved airlines to receive discounted fares. You can use the official contact number to contact Southwest customer service at the airport. How can you contact customer service at the airport? Use the Lost and Found contact number 1-80 and get the required help. If any of your items are missing or if you find any missing items at the airport premises, you need to immediately inform the authority to take action. Yes, there is a lost and found baggage service at the airport. Is there a Lost and Found baggage service? You can call Southwest Airlines' customer service phone line 24/7. How do I contact Southwest Airlines by phone? (FOX5) - Passengers have expressed their frustrations about flight delays and cancelations, and now Southwest Airlines. Cancellation or Delay: If there are changes, cancelations, or delays in the scheduled flight.Unaccompanied Minor: If a minor is traveling alone and needs assistance.Ticket changes: If you want to make any last-minute changes to your flight tickets.Seat Upgrade: If you want to make any last-minute changes to your seat.Flight Status: To know the status of your flight.Flight reservation: If you are at the airport and would like to make a reservation.Flight information: Call the service for details about your scheduled flight.Here are the common queries that are handled by Southwest Airlines at Harry Reid Airport: For emergency cases, use Southwest Airlines Harry Reid Airport phone number 1 (855)-506-3034 to contact an agent and immediately get help. You can use the above information to reach a representative of Southwest agents at the Harry Reid Airport office. Contact information of Southwest Airlines Harry Reid Airport: If you are traveling with Southwest and want to contact Southwest Airlines Harry Reid Airport phone number, you can go through the below contact information. Traveling for work can be hectic, and it is more irritating when you have doubts and cannot solve them on your own. A Southwest Airlines representative will resolve your issue. How to contact Southwest airlines Harry Reid Airport office?ĭial Southwest airlines Harry Reid Las Vegas Airport office phone number 1 (855)-506-3034. ![]()
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9/25/2023 0 Comments World of goo 2![]() My other gripe is that goo becomes heavier when you attach it to a structure. The alternative is to try and work out whether you’ve succeeded or failed before you activate the pipe, so you can use the in-level retry button, which isn’t always possible. Having to sit through the end section of a level and start again from the level select screen is just a bunch of extra clicking which gets between me and the challenge. It boils down to the fact the game doesn’t have a quick restart button or a replay option if you reach the end and find out you didn’t meet the target. This is where I started to feel real annoyance with the interface. Every ball and every placement becomes incredibly important. This is the hard mode where you need to meet far more challenging targets. I winced at the name-another reminder that the world has changed a little, I guess-although it technically stands for Obsessive Completion Distinction. Having blasted through the story chapters in a few hours I went back to the beginning to try OCD mode. If you’re on the green stuff there’s a chance you can detach it and collect it once you’ve activated the pipe. If a level uses plain black goo, every blob you use to build is one you can’t collect. The reason I love it is because I spend a lot of time trying to rescue as much goo as possible from each level. It can put out up to three tendrils which is nice, but the best bit is that it can be detached and reused or just left loose. There’s that first kind I mentioned, but you’ll soon encounter others-green goo, beauty goo, matchstick goo, balloon goo… My favourite is the green goo. They’re awkward and difficult and spiky, like me in a team-building session. Unlike Dave, I have a soft spot for a scalene triangle. ![]() ![]() “You know what? My favourite triangle is the equilateral triangle.” It even has triangles.” I swear to god, Dave. “Look! There’s a picture of a bridge in this newspaper! I’m going to cut it out so we can stick it on the bridge as a mascot. Please just roll some newspaper so we can bear the weight of that encyclopedia and get out of here. “Did I show you this picture of a bridge I took while I was away last month?” Yes, Dave. “It’s why you see so many triangles in bridges too.” DAVE THAT IS WHY WE ARE USING TRIANGLES TO BUILD THIS BRIDGE. ![]() “It’s because of trigonometry.” Shut up and roll newspaper, Dave. “Consider the pyramids.” I’ve considered the bloody pyramids, Dave. “It’s really hard to deform a triangle, you know?” Yes Dave. You’d always have someone who spent a whole day explaining the value of the triangle in construction. These early levels remind me of the weird team-building exercises we had to do as part of a few corporate away days I’ve been on, or as part of school physics projects-build a bridge out of newspaper that’s capable of bearing some kind of heavy weight, or a teammate or whatever. It naturally lends itself, then, to building robust triangular shapes and thus is relatively stable. It puts out two tendrils and you can’t detach it once it’s in place. The starter goo is wonderfully uncomplicated. You have one type of goo and plenty of it, meaning it’s easy to meet the level targets. Later on in the game it’s about factoring in the different properties of the different types of goo, about navigating obstacles, and even moving larger non-goo objects around. Also there is no violence in this game, so it's suitable for any age.At a bare minimum, the challenge is to build a structure and reach the pipe with enough loose goo balls to meet the level’s target. The graphics are simply lovely, the "goo"s are cute and the puzzles are mostly clever. This was most probably the only disadvantage of the game. There was only 1 map in particular where I think the game was buggy on PC as the console play on Youtube showed a flawless playthrough. I think I watched Youtube for solving 2 maps. ![]() There were few maps very frustrating, but it's obviously due to my own logic. Sometimes you have only 1 way to solve a puzzle, but still you can try as many times you need. I kept it all the years because I "googled" it and it looked genuine and interesting even to my violent innerself at that time and what a clever decision it was. I kept it all the years because I OK, I think I played it in 2020 and it was on a bundle DVD packed next to a PC magazine many years ago. OK, I think I played it in 2020 and it was on a bundle DVD packed next to a PC magazine many years ago. ![]() 9/25/2023 0 Comments Drill bit sharpener harbor freight![]() ![]() For most homeowners, a standard drill bit sharpener will accommodate most of the bits in your workshop. ![]() Materialįinding a drill bit sharpener that works with your drill bits of choice is important. Instead, keeping one of the best drill bit sharpeners on hand will allow you to put a quick edge on a bit as small as 3/32-inch. While these bits are rarely expensive (depending on the material), they dull quickly and lose their performance right away. You should also look for a sharpener that can handle your smaller bits. Bits over 1/2-inch are expensive, so make sure that your sharpener can handle them. While almost all sharpeners can handle small to mid-range bits, only certain models can handle the big stuff. Purchasing a drill bit sharpener that can handle all of the bits you commonly use should be a priority. Not all models have the same capabilities or uses, so you need to be sure the one you choose will get the job done. Let’s get to the point there are some things you need to know before shopping for the best drill bit sharpener. Photo: What to Consider When Buying the Best Drill Bit Sharpener ALSO CONSIDER: General Tools 825 Drill Grinding Attachment. ![]() MOST VERSATILE: Work Sharp Knife & Tool Sharpener, Ken Onion Edition.BEST BENCH GRINDER ADD-ON: Tormek DBS-22 Drill Bit Sharpener.BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Drill Doctor DD350X Drill Bit Sharpener.RUNNER UP: Drill Doctor DD500X Drill Bit Sharpener.BEST OVERALL: Drill Doctor 750X Drill Bit Sharpener.Each of the top picks below was selected after an in-depth review of the market and thorough product vetting. Your drill bits will last much longer if you choose the best drill bit sharpener for your needs from this guide. Whether you choose an electric benchtop sharpener or a grinder attachment, there’s a solution for your dull drill bits. The result is a fast-drilling, clean-cutting drill bit that works as well, if not better, than new. These tools can help put a sharp point on an older drill bit, grinding the tip at the perfect angle. Instead of throwing dull drill bits in the trash, you can restore their cutting edge with the best drill bit sharpener. Whether you’re drilling through dense hardwood or hardened steel, some drill bits seem to lose their edge within minutes of coming out of the package. Drill bits aren’t cheap, but they do seem to dull quickly. ![]() 9/25/2023 0 Comments Follow study session 2![]() ![]() How long should a field visit be? The answer, of course, depends on the activities and behaviors you are interested in. Below are five common hurdles, alongside recommendations on how to avoid them. However, in practice, one might face multiple obstacles - from interpersonal conflicts and local organizational politics to issues with budget and recruitment. In theory, it seems simple to watch activities, ask questions, and discuss what happened. In contextual inquiries, researchers can intervene by clarifying questions during the activity in direct observation, the interaction between the researcher and the participant is kept at a minimum during the activity of interest, and questions are usually reserved for the end of the activity or the session. Two types of field studies are contextual inquiry and direct observation. When shadowing a user in a field study, you follow her around, take notes of what’s happening, and choose whether to interfere and ask questions on the spot or wait until the end of the activity (or the session) and ask questions afterward. ![]() ![]() The crucial aspect is for you to go wherever your users are - in an office, a vehicle, a store, on the street, or on a production line. For example, you might want to see how people make purchase decisions, use devices, or interact with others at work. A field study will often target a specific activity and audience. Field studies involve observing and interviewing participants in their environment while they engage in their natural behavior and complete their daily routines. A short period of shadowing an experienced staff member is often used to help people learn how to execute a particular task.įield studies are a UX research method that is rooted in the practice of shadowing. Interns, apprentices, or new hires will observe colleagues to understand how they do their job. The alteration after the training programme seems to be due to the subjects' hypothalamic-hypophysis-testicular and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes adaptations, which enable them to increase physical strength.The practice of shadowing is widespread in the corporate world. We therefore conclude that subjects suffer variations of the urine profile with regard to the steroid hormones before and after the acute strength sessions and after the training period. The androsterone (A) + etiocholanolone (E)/THE + THF ratio increased significantly (P < 0.05) concerning the initial state. After the training programme, there was a significant (P < 0.01) improvement in the strength of the muscle groups studied, and an increased urinary excretion of all the androgens with respect to the initial state of repose, with the difference being significant in the case of epitestosterone (Epit) (P < 0.05). The anabolic/catabolic hormones ratio also decreased after the acute session, although only androstenodione + dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)/THE + THF ratio had a significant decrease (P < 0.05). After the exercise sessions, both before and after the training programme, there was a fall in the urine excretion of androgens and estrogens, but no statistically significant changes in the excretion of tetrahydrocortisol (THF) and tetrahydrocortisone (THE). The concentrations of the different hormones were determined relatively to the urine creatinine level (ng steroid/mg creatinine) to correct for diuresis. Four urine samples were collected per subject: (A) before and (B) after a standard session prior to initiating the training programme, and (C) before and (D) after the same standard session at the end of the study, and they were assayed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. ![]() The subjects were a group (n = 20) of non-sportsman male university students who worked out 3 days a week, performing the exercises at 70-75% of one repetition maximum strength (1-RM). The present study determined the variations in the urine profile of glucuroconjugated steroids after a single session of strength exercise and after a 4-week programme of strength training. One way to evaluate these changes is by analysis of the excretion of steroid hormones in the urine. Performing strength exercise, whether acutely or in a training programme, leads to alterations at the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. ![]() 9/25/2023 0 Comments Thad on gunsmoke![]() Thad follows them to Dodge where the town is in a uproar over wolves killing cattle in the area. Thad sets out to bring the four men to face a Judge. ![]() ![]() With all the excitement, the sheriff ends up dying of a heart attack but not before signing a warrant of the Band Brothers. The sheriff of the town (Paul Fix) is aging and his son, Thad is the deputy. When they find out that the town only has soda pops, they shoot up the General store/Sheriff Office. It begins in Greenwood Oklahoma, when the Band brothers and two friends come into town for a drink. This episode, after the first few minutes, never seemed to gain interest. ^ Greenland, David R.This may have been the first episode Thad is introduced as a character but the did not make the show any better.^ Bell, Kathy, The Life of Buck Taylor, Daily Globe, December 2, 2019.^ Artist and Actor Finds Inspiration for Art from Work on Western Films, American Cowboy, September - October 1995, Pages 23 and 30.^ a b Meetings, The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol.^ Maltin, Leonard, Leonard Maltin's TV Movies and Video Guide, 1991 Edition, Plume, 1990.The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946-Present. ^ a b Brooks, Tim Marsh, Earle (1999).^ Brooks, Tim and Marsh, Earle, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946 - Present, pages 679 to 680, Ballantine Books, 1999.^ At Home with Walter Clarence "Buck" Taylor III at.^ Artist and Actor Finds Inspiration for Art from Work on Western Films, American Cowboy, September - October, 1995, Pages 23 and 30.^ Dub Taylor, 87, Actor in Westerns, The New York Times, October 5, 1994, Section B,.The 12 O'Clock High Logbook: The Unofficial History of the Novel, Motion Picture, and TV Series. Television Western Players, 1960-1975: A Biographical Dictionary. Riding the Video Range: The Rise and Fall of the Western on Television. He is the official artist for many rodeos and state fairs, and creates their promotional posters. These images are made into prints, which are sold in various sizes. Many of his paintings are of characters and scenes from movies and television series in which he has appeared. Taylor attended the Chouinard Art Institute, and has been selling his watercolor and acrylic paintings of cowboys, Native Americans, and horses since 1993. In 1981, the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum inducted Taylor into the Cowboy Hall of Fame, and awarded him the Trustee Award for his performance on Gunsmoke. He reprised his role in the 1987 television movie Gunsmoke: Return to Dodge, where he played the city's marshal. The character came to Dodge City as a gunsmith, and later became a deputy marshal. : 413–414 He replaced deputy marshal Clayton Thaddeus Greenwood, played by Roger Ewing, after Ewing left the show. Gunsmoke įrom 1967 to 1975, Taylor played Newly O'Brian in the television series Gunsmoke. His other early roles were in a 1964 episode of The Outer Limits entitled "Don’t Open Till Doomsday", and as John Bradford (Brad) in four episodes of the 1966 ABC Western series The Monroes. ![]() His first important acting role was as Trooper Shattuck in the 1961 Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre episode "Image of a Drawn Sword". He served two years in the United States Navy. Olympic Trials as a gymnast, but he failed to qualify for the 1960 Summer Olympics. Actor Guinn "Big Boy" Williams sponsored him to go to the U.S. ![]() Taylor is the son of Florence Gertrude Heffernan and character actor Dub Taylor, from whom Buck reportedly acquired his nickname simply because, having clocked in at a hefty nine pounds at birth, he "looked like a big buck." Taylor graduated from North Hollywood High School, where he became a talented gymnast. Buck Taylor (born Walter Clarence Taylor III, May 13, 1938) is an American actor and artist, best known for his role as gunsmith-turned- deputy Newly O'Brian in the CBS television series Gunsmoke. ![]() 9/24/2023 0 Comments Bluestacks os x yosemite![]() ![]() ![]() This means you can have both BlueStacks 4 and BlueStacks X for macOS installed on the same desktop/laptop and they will work as expected. No, you do not have to uninstall BlueStacks 4 to install BlueStacks X. The app can be installed and used in windows and Mac platforms. Do I have to uninstall BlueStacks 4 to install BlueStacks X for macOS?Ī. Bluestacks For Os X Yosemite Bluestacks For Yosemite Pc Bluestacks Games For Pc Bluestacks For Yosemite Windows 10 BlueStacks is the ever first production software that gives you the opportunity to use all your favorite mobile apps on PC. No, you cannot do this as BlueStacks X is a new product that lets you play Android games instantly on your web browser. Can I update BlueStacks 4 to BlueStacks X for macOS?Ī. Since BlueStacks X for Mac is available in certain regions only, you may get BlueStacks X for macOS or BlueStacks 4 App Player depending on your region. Why am I getting BlueStacks 4 when I click on the BlueStacks X for Mac download button?Ī. ![]() You can now start playing your favorite Android games instantly on your web browser with BlueStacks X. BlueStacks X will begin to install and once the installation is complete, BlueStacks X will launch.Ħ. Bluestack For Mac Os Yosemite 10.10 Bluestacks On Mac Download Bluestacks For Mac Os X Yosemite 10.10.5 Bluestacks Emulator is an Alternative Way to. If you're running a version of Snow Leopard prior to. Messages and Mail- Multi-touch gestures have been added to Mail and Messages which are used on the multi-touch devices to mark or delete emails or chats by the swipe of a finger on the trackpad. You will now be asked to confirm whether you want to use the BlueStacks Installer. According to Apple, these older OS X operating systems can be upgraded to El Capitan. Download Bluestacks For Mac Os X Yosemite Sierra Bluestacks Download For Pc. Here, click on the BlueStacks X icon, as shown below.Ĥ. The following window will appear on your screen. When Apple introduced Macintosh on January 24, 1984, it was not the first computer to practice a graphical interface (GUI) at the. Once it is downloaded, click on the installer file to begin the installation process.ģ. The BlueStacks X Installer will begin to download. Download BlueStacks X for macOS by clicking on the link below.Ģ. How can I download and install BlueStacks X?ġ. For more information about BlueStacks 4 system requirements, click here. NOTE: BlueStacks 4 App Player will only work on operating systems below High Sierra (10.13). NOTE: BlueStacks X for macOS is currently available in certain regions only.Īre there any basic requirements for BlueStacks X?īlueStacks X, while designed to run on M1/M2 machines, offers a wide range of compatibility with macOS devices. Jump into the new era of gaming on macOS and explore the ever-expanding universe of Android games! With BlueStacks X, you can play various popular Android games on the Cloud on your macOS device. ![]() 9/24/2023 0 Comments Big activity cube![]() ![]() Pictures or symbols that are easy for kids to understand Some good features to look for in any activity cube include: As your child grows, you can upgrade to a bigger cube with more features. When looking for the best wooden activity cube for your child, consider ther age, interests, and abilities.įor toddlers, look for a small activity cube with simple features. What should I look for in an activity cube? With wood toys, there's no risk of exposing children to any harmful type of chemicals, no possibility of coming in contact with BPA used to make many plastics, and there's less concern about toxic glues or compounds – so children can play safely without worrying about thir wellbeing. ![]() The one main advantage wooden cubes have over plastic is that the materials used are different altogether. Parents should be extra careful if they're purchasing a wooden activity cube for their little ones because they need to ensure it is safe and the child will not get injured when playing with it. Wooden toy manufacturers often use wooden paints or wood stains that are lead-free, while some plastic models have vinyl paints containing harmful lead types. Some wooden cubes are made of different types of wood, and others with painted wooden pieces. Many wooden cubes are made of wood, but some have plastic pieces. Many of the wooden cubes will allow you to hang other wooden objects onto them, so they're able to use their imagination when playing with it. These can be soft or have toys hanging from them and wooden shapes and pieces. What is an activity cube?Īn activity cube is a wooden toy with different activities for your child to do. You may want to think about your child's size before buying a wooden one because they might not be able to reach it yet. There are wooden cubes, plastic cubes, big cubes, and small cubes. An activity cube will keep them occupied and entertained, allowing you to relax or even get some work done. One of the best things you can buy for your child is an activity cube. ![]() ![]() ![]()
9/24/2023 0 Comments Temple daily telegram![]() ![]() In July, the cities of Houston and San Antonio filed a joint lawsuit against the state of Texas, claiming that the law violates the state constitution and infringes on the rights of home-rule cities to pass their own ordinances. “The passage of the Death Star Law sets up other states to follow suit.” “The Death Star law is part of a trend of broad preemption bills we see in Republican-controlled states across the country – in states like Michigan, Florida, and Tennessee – as part of a larger effort to hold power at the state level and punish local governments from passing policy that the state legislature doesn’t support,” said Local Progress Texas, a network of liberal local government officials, in a news release. More Cities Address ‘Shade Deserts’ As Extreme Heat Triggers Health Issues.The Dorchester Food Co-op Is Here To Shake Up Boston’s Food Ecosystem.These Cities Are Depaving For A Cooler Future.Homes Are Vanishing From NYC’s Wealthiest Neighborhoods, And It’s Worse Than We Thought.(Abbott’s office did not respond to Next City’s questions about the need for HB2127 or its benefits.) But opponents believe its aim is to weaken bluer cities and counties’ ability to regulate their industries and enact progressive policies. “The purpose of this Act is to provide regulatory consistency across this state and return the historic exclusive regulatory powers to the state where those powers belong,” reads the bill, introduced to the state’s Republican-controlled legislature. Greg Abbott a month later, the legislation could affect local policies dealing with ordinances – including agriculture, insurance, labor, natural resources, and occupation codes - that contradict the state. ![]() Passed in May and signed into law by Texas Gov. House Bill 2127 - also known as the Super Preemption Bill or, among opponents, the “Death Star” bill - aims to regulate many aspects of commerce and trade in local jurisdictions that differ from state-imposed directives. 1, that protection is now facing an existential threat. As a sweeping new state law aimed at handicapping Texas’s more liberal city governments is set to take effect Sept. In 2015, El Paso became the second city in the country to safeguard its workers by passing a historic wage theft ordinance. Meanwhile, the Texas Association of Business, through the Freedom Litigation Center, released a statement urging the State to appeal the decision: “We are confident that when the dust settles, House Bill 2127 will be found constitutional, and business owners will enjoy a less burdensome regulatory environment,” TAB CEO Glenn Hamer says. “I am thrilled that Houston, our legal department, and sister cities were able to obtain this victory for Texas cities,” says Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner. The “Death Star Bill,” as its opponents called it, was set to go into effect on Sept. 30, a Travis County judge declared House Bill 2127 unconstitutional after hearing a lawsuit that had been initiated by the city of Houston, joined by San Antonio and El Paso, supported by dozens of large and small municipalities in Texas. This story was co-published with El Paso Matters as part of our joint Equitable Cities Reporting Fellowship For Borderland Narratives. Become a free or sustaining member to read unlimited articles, webinars and ebooks. This is your first of three free stories this month. ![]() 9/24/2023 0 Comments Crucial storage executive manual![]() ![]() Although SSD manufacturers have allocated a certain space of SSDs for OP, Samsung and Crucial allow you to adjust the size of the space if you require additional OP on their SSDs. OP can prolong SSD lifespan and boost SSD performance. Increase SSD lifespan: OP can make SSDs work more smartly, so wear and tear will be minimized on SSDs.So, overprovisioning increases SSD performance and even maintains SSD performance over time. Boost SSD performance: OP offers the flash controller extra buffer space for managing P/E cycles and ensuring a write operation will have immediate access to a pre-erased block.Reduce power consumption: Thanks to OP, SSD controllers can operate quickly, resulting in less power from devices to complete tasks.In this case, OP gives controllers extra free space needed to move data and results in faster execution. Reduce time for Garbage Collection: As previously stated, GC creates free blocks to temporarily store data while erasing blocks of invalid data.OP (%) = ((Physical Capacity – User Capacity) / User Capacity) * 100įor instance, when 60GB of a 64GB SSD is used as the user capacity, 4GB is allocated to the OP and the OP (%) is about 7%. SSD over-provisioning (OP), the inclusion of extra storage in SSDs, is inaccessible to users and is not displayed in the host operating system. The process creates a permanent swap space to SSD’s controller to manage all the data traffic and storage for SSDs. To address the challenge, during firmware programming, manufacturers allocate a certain percentage of an SSD capacity for extra write operations and the extra capacity is called over-provisioning. However, the GC process also presents a new challenge-it interferes with the host write. ![]() This process is to create free blocks within SSDs by collecting valid pages into a single location and erasing the blocks containing invalid pages. To maintain the write performance, a process called garbage collection (GC) is utilized. However, the first erasing process and then the writing process will decrease the overall write performance of SSDs. Therefore, data won’t be overwritten on SSDs. Existing data must be erased to write new data. Data on SSDs is read and written at the page level but is erased at the block level. Why? Keep reading.Įach NAND flash memory consists of several blocks and each block consists of around 128 pages. Due to this, the data on SSDs cannot be overwritten when new data is written in. How Do SSDs Store Data?Īs we know, SSDs store data relying on NAND flash memory. To better understand what SSD over-provisioning is, let’s first learn how data is stored and erased on SSDs. This post from MiniTool is tailored to detail what SSD over-provisioning is and explains why it is necessary. Many users have a basic knowledge of this kind of drive but the concept of SSD over-provisioning is still confusing. SSDs originated in the 1950s and now go mainstream. ![]() |
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